Development
First created computers for us now looks like a big box or bucket but then for people it was as useful as for us now.
These are first 2 Apple computers, and below are the latest models of apple computers and laptops.
How you can see now it got much more performance and can be used for more. But with the new possibilities come new dangerous things, like hackers that can hack your PC and steal your data.
Early Designs
Restricted by Hardware,
Designed to assist the programmers
75 years ago today, a German scientist named Konrad Zuse changed computing forever. His invention, the Z3, was presented at the German Laboratory for Aviation in Berlin on May 12, 1941, as the world’s first entirely automatic computer controlled by programs. The Z3 revolutionized computing.
In 1936, Zuse made a mechanical calculator called the Z1, the first binary computer. Zuse used it to explore several groundbreaking technologies in calculator development: floating-point arithmetic, high-capacity memory and modules or relays operating on the yes/no principle. Zuse’s ideas, not fully implemented in the Z1, succeeded more with each Z prototype.
In 1939, Zuse completed the Z2, the first fully functioning electro-mechanical computer.
Konrad Zuse completed the Z3 in 1941, with recycled materials donated by fellow university staff and students. This was the world’s first electronic, fully programmable digital computer based on a binary floating-point number and switching system. Zuse used old movie film to store his programs and data for the Z3, instead of using paper tape or punched cards. Paper was in short supply in Germany during the war.
In 1941, the Z3 contained almost all of the features of a modern computer as defined by John von Neumann and his colleagues in 1946. The only exception was the ability to store the program in the memory together with the data. Konrad Zuse did not implement this feature in the Z3, because his 64-word memory was too small to support this mode of operation. Due to the fact that he wanted to calculate thousands of instructions in a meaningful order, he only used the memory to store values or numbers.
The block structure of the Z3 is very similar to a modern computer. The Z3 consisted of separate units, such as a punch tape reader, control unit, floating-point arithmetic unit, and input/output devices.
CLE
Extended command line editor (CLE). Whilst the development between the computers history the command line editor has been seen in old computers usually before the computer starts to boot up. However nowadays the command line editor is used to give instructions to computers such as shutting down the system. The important thing about CLE was that it was a line of code, terminated by the “Return” key which handed control back to the computer. Typed text was ignored until “Return” key was hit, after this computer interpreted the command and a response appeared on the screen if everything is correct.
Graphical User Interface
Graphical User Interface is a system of interactive visual components for computer software. A GUI displays objects that convey information, and represent actions that can be taken by the user. The objects change colour, size, or visibility when the user interacts with them. It consists of picture-like items, icons and arrows… The main pieces of a GUI are a pointer, icons, windows, menus, scroll bars, and an intuitive input device. GUI is used by most commercially popular computer operating systems and software programs today. It’s the kind of interface that allows users to manipulate elements on the screen using a mouse, a stylus, or even a finger.
Web User Interface
A Web user interface or Web app allows the user to interact with content or software running on a remote server through a Web browser. The content or Web page is downloaded from the Web server and the user can interact with this content in a Web browser, which acts as a client. A common example of a hardware device with a user interface is a remote control. Other devices, such as digital cameras, audio mixing consoles, and stereo systems also have a user interface. While user interfaces can be designed for either hardware of software, most are a combination of both.
How to access Web interface:
- http://<host>:<port>/fmeserver.
- http://<Host>/fmeserver.
- http://<Host>:8080/fmeserver.
- Additionally, Web Interfaces running on Windows can be accessed from the Start menu, under FME Server > FME Server Web Interface.
Visual Systems
Modern Application Software
A modern application is one that supports multiple clients – whether the client is a UI using the React JavaScript library, a mobile app running on Android or iOS, or a downstream application that connects to the application through an API.
Application development is the process of creating a computer program or a set of programs to perform the different tasks that a business requires. Every app-building process follows the same steps: gathering requirements, designing prototypes, testing, implementation, and integration.
The principles below can be summarized as keep it small, design for the developer, and make it networked. With these three principles, you can design a robust, complex application that can be delivered quickly and securely, scaled easily, and extended simply.
3D
Nowadays we got technologies that can be useful at work, science or just for entertaiment. I am talking about 3D TV’s and Films, these were invented in 1920 but in one century it became much more realistic and you can see and feel other. 3D Scans are used by scientist and even by simple people when it is needed, for example to explore the world or human organism.
Specialised Interfaces
Specialised Interfaces are special-purpose physical, electronic connections between devices that meet the requirements of adapting between particular bus standards. They tend to be optimised for that role – complying with special electronic characteristics and protocols needed to interface over a physical medium, connection method and networking architecture. This is achieved with a special device or devices that act as a bridge between subsystems or systems. Such devices have a local bus connection to enable the interface to the central processing units (CPU) bus system. They also have one or more interfaces to the other physical medium.
Text-to-speech is a type of assistive technology that reads digital text aloud. It’s sometimes called “read aloud” technology. With a click of a button or the touch of a finger, TTS can take words on a computer or other digital device and convert them into audio.
It is a really useful thing for the people with disabilities. It can help people socially, because this way they will be able to interact and communicate with other persons.
The only bad thing is that the person you are talking with has to wait while you will type and then it will be converted into audio.
Areas of Present and Future Development
Thought Recognition
Thought recognition is the capacity of a computer to recognise neural designs within the brain as a form of input and control of computer forms. Computer programming and the vital detecting gadgets as of now exist to identify other shapes of biophysical movement, such as strong action and eye development. Utilising these shapes of input, paralysed and other disabled individuals have been made able to communicate with a computer. Brain waves recommend the plausibility of an indeed more coordinate shape of computer input – the thought command. Be that as it may, hence distant it has been troublesome to decipher the brain waves with adequate outline to bear any kind of unfair input – for example, to sense a letter or word that a person might be thinking of.
Brain waves can be discerned in these patterns:
- Alpha waves, with large modulations and moderate frequencies, indicate unfocused brain activity
- Beta waves, with higher frequencies and small modulations, indicate focused brain activity
- Theta waves, with moderately low frequencies, indicate emotional stress
- Delta waves, with extremely low frequencies, indicate a condition of sleep
- Mu waves, have a croquet-shaped pattern of frequencies and modulation, are associated with physical activity
This technology can be considered kind of a telepathy, and it is a great achievement for people. They have done a long path to update it to an usable version, and they have done it almost. Of course now it is not that usable because it is not perfect developed yet, they are still working on it. It will help people to do any tasks or work without touching such things as keyboard or mouse, also can be used by people with disabilities to interact with other people or to help them just to be more like others. The menus for this technology is that it can harm you and affect your body negatively, because it is not a perfect technology yet as I said, in the world always must be a balance, for such an technology, people must pay something, and in this case is their health.
Human Augmentation
Bionics is changing the face of humanity. Literally. The more we become dependent on machines, the faster we are approaching a time when our capabilities will be orders of magnitude greater and wider than what we have today. Implanting video cameras in the eyes, improving the ability to jump higher and run faster, or even control electronic devices with the forces of our minds – the line between machine and man is slowly but surely becoming increasingly blurred. Thanks to the new abilities, we will most likely be able to even feel and get an experience completely unfamiliar to us before. Maybe we can “hear” colours or “feel” electric fields, or even load new information into our brains.
I think in these are a lot of pluses, people will be able to do unreal things, they will be almost like superheroes. The only bad thing is that people can use all these with bad intentions and to try to use their abilities in criminal activities.
Robots
With the active development of robotics, we are increasingly seeing the emergence of more end-user friendly home robots. The current commercial drone boom is just the beginning. Much smarter and more comfortable cars will be on the market soon.
Whether it will be something like Honda’s ASIMO robot, designed to help and communicate with people, or it will be about machines that will replace people in some job positions (for example, waiters, receptionists), one thing is clear: the development of robotics is not will stop. Relatively soon, in addition to TVs, computers, washing machines and microwaves, a small army of helper robots will become an integral part of almost every home on the planet.
They are really useful because sometimes people are really busy and have a lot of things to do, and home Robots can help them at least with some of their to do list, for example with cleaning up the home or washing the dishes, it is a great thing, and it is one of the structures that people have done almost perfect, at least much better than thought recognition or human augmentation that are not done perfectly yet. The bad thing with robots is that they can have errors in their systems or to get hacked and instead of cleaning up the home to do a chaos in your home, or worse, to kill someone.
Society, Technology used in Everyday Life
Improve of Usability
Everyday in our life we use our PC’s, phones and laptops. Anywhere we go we use our phone, to listen music, to read, to chat with someone or even to talk with him. And every year these technologies are being improved. Phones were used not that much time ago by pressing buttons, now smartphones don’t have buttons and you have to touch only their screen to interact with it. For music you can your headphones, but even the things that were created for improving a device now are being improved (headphones). Nowadays there is a big choice of headphones, wireless, small or big, and most of them got something special. Laptops and PC’s are also used by people everyday, first computers as I have attached at the top were very simple and you couldn’t use them for watching films or youtube or playing games, you could use them for typing something. Now you can build a custom PC with any pieces that you want and to play games or watch anything you want, or to use them for work.
Reduce Specialised Knowledge
Through this we mean that technologies make people work easier, and technologies replace some of the actions that they have to do, for example in medicine, there are a lot of technologies used so their work is much easier than many years ago and more cases are solvable than before.
It’s good for society because it makes people’s life easier and they don’t have to learn that much for their profession. They have to learn how to use these stuff for their work to get their goals. The bad thing is that sometimes these technologies are not exact, and there are few cases when people must use their old ways to solve whatever they have to do without technologies.
User Friendliness
User friendliness is when for the person who will use the object, technology or app will be easy to learn, understand and use it. He will understand fast how it works and what and when does he have to do. It is good because people will remember all the information and the way to use the thing that they are learning about much faster than usually. It affects positive the society because it attract people to learn something that they will easily understand.
Simplify Input/Output
Input/Output has had a huge impact on society because it means that data can now be shared very quickly and easily from one computer to another. This has impacted on society because data can be stored externally which means if a computer breaks you can now still have all your data saved. Input/output technology has also meant that other devices can now be charged by being plugged into a computer.
Specialised Interfaces
This is a thing that has only possitive impact on society in my opinion. I think so because these technologies help people with problems to use the same objects as the other people without problems, and these give them the possibility to speak or work the same what do other people without any troubles.
Interfaces for Hostile Environments
Within the army they use robots and remote controlled products for bomb disposal reducing the risk of injury to the user/controller. Remote controlled robots are not only used for bomb disposal, they can also be used in planes, manufacturers and many others, these help greatly by decreasing the risk of injury to the user and also increases productivity within the work place.
While working in planes and other jobs you need a certain amount of training before you can actually fly a plane, this can be done by using virtual reality which puts you into the driving seat of a virtual plane where you can crash and burn many times but you can learn how to fly one as if you were in the drivers seat.
Remote Control
Remote controls allow people to interact with an object from another place. An example of this can be the remote control for TV when you change the channels or the volume, or the other one for the car, which allow people to unlock and open car’s doors. These objects affect positively people because they can do more things and economise some time, but these make them more lazy.
Complexity
Fly by Wire – is a computer controlled aeroplane, the aeroplane will be piloted as usual however if the pilot does something that would usually cause the aeroplane to crash the computer will kick in and assist the pilot. This would have an effect on society because it would make aeroplanes a lot safer and also it would put a lot more confidence it the public about flying which would probably then lead to more people flying in aeroplanes.
Head up Display – is a display which is projected on to a visor or some sort of see-through material and it would show vital information. Head up displays are increasingly being used in cars; the display will show things like speed, petrol and cruise control/speed limiter. this would have an impact on society because it means in cars the driver will no longer have to take their eyes off the road to view this information which means driving will be much safer and less crashes will happen.
Domestic Appliance
The displays on domestic appliances have developed a lot. Lots of displays now have touch screens and the displays are mainly pictures. This has impacted on society because it means that everything is a lot quicker when doing something on a domestic appliance, also people with disabilities can now use domestic appliances with ease, for example someone who is visually impaired no longer has to read text because most appliance have clear pictures.
Economy
- Speed Up Inputs- There are many different speed up inputs around to help a person now, one example of a speed up input would be in a super market. When a customer wants a pair of shoes but they are too small or big, customer can ask a staff to check if they have a bigger or smaller pair. The staff just take the thing with which he checks the barcode, and then it shows him on the screen what sizes of this model are available. This impact on the economy will mean that people can shop much faster and efficiently and will encourage older people to shop as they will not have to try and find someone for a price.
- Reduced Complexity of Inputs- A decrease in complexity will mean that people will be able to use new things much more easily, for example in a commercial aeroplane, buttons to control the seats and the small TV screen will help people use things much easily which is an aim that airline company will try to achieve when they are designing their aeroplanes. It has to be kept simple otherwise new people that fly will not know how to operate their chair and screen. This impacts the economy because some people will choose not to fly on an airline which is complicated to operate.
- Increased Automation of Outputs- An increase in automation will mean that a business or company does not have to hire any employees or have to pay amounts of money to their employees as a company will only have 2-4 employees to pay a salary to. The impact on the economy will benefit because companies will be saving a lot more money as they just have to pay for repairs and upkeep for the automation outputs.
- Text Readers- Text Readers impact the economy for visually and speech impaired individuals, a text read says aloud whatever you type into it. This will impact the economy because if a speech impaired person was to hold a meeting or a say a speech to a group of people they could easily understand the person due to the text reader. This impact in the economy will help people communicate to different people around the world and will hopefully help companies and business’s grow.
- Voice Input- Voice recognition is usually used in things such a phones to help send text messages and to call people and browse the internet of your contacts. This impact in the economy will mean that in buildings or popular locations they can put voice recognition in elevators or in doors, so someone who is visually impaired can say “Open” and the doors will open up without pressing buttons.
- Thought Input- Thought input will help people you are in wheel chairs, for example the famous scientist Stephen Hawking will be able to do things by just thinking of something for example he could think ‘Move left’ and he would. The impact on the economy will allow people with disabilities to do day to day activities and will help them to do jobs and more things.
- Mobile Communications- Mobile Communications allow people to communicate with others around the world 24/7, the impact on the economy has helped companies to communicate which can help make and finalise deals of discussions. This can help people earn money and excel with their business or career.
Culture
People use nowadays such things as smartphone, laptop or PC 24/7. They use these object for everything, and everyone use them in their own way. Some people, such as programmers or scientists use them for their work, they can use phones to contact each other, laptops or PC’s to storage important information that they will need to use in the future for developing an app or website or other people to discover something that will help society. Some people can use laptops and smartphones just for entertainment, to watch a film or to play some games, or even for learning, and others can use them to find new friends through social media, if they just moved to a new place to live, they can find people other there in social media and to meet them.
I think in the future all the technologies that we have now will be updated and will be developed in a way so they will be perfect, because people are trying to do the world better, and such things as smart glass, VR, 3D prints, holograms, vertical farms, human augmentation, nanotechnologies and robots. These things will change the life of all the world and who knows, maybe one or more of them will become the next world miracles, all is in the people hands.
ICT BLOG 